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February 26 26FEB08 Play your cards right 善待你的信用卡以下翻译仅为本人休闲练习英语之用,文章以及照片版权归The Economist所有
WHEN markets are rocky and the economy is wobbling is it a good idea to splash out on a credit card? Visa, the world’s leading credit-card operator, certainly thinks so. On Monday February 25th Visa said that it would soon go ahead with an initial public offering (IPO) of around half of its shares, which might raise as much as $18.8 billion. Given the dark mood at most of America’s leading financial institutions what has motivated Visa to embark upon what would be, by a comfortable margin, America’s biggest IPO? 当美国经济一片萧条的时候,是否也是人们开始大量使用信用卡的时机呢?Visa,这个世界信用卡行业的领头军,显然是打算抓住这个契机的。二月25日星期一,Visa宣布其将首次公开募股,筹资额可能达188亿美元。在美国经济如此萧条的时候,到底是什么促使Visa做出这个将成为历史最高首次公开募股额的大胆决定呢? In October 2006 Visa took the decision to float its businesses outside Europe (within that continent Visa will continue to be operated by the banks that own it). An IPO in May of that year by MasterCard, its nearest rival as an enemy of deferred gratification, proved a roaring success. Despite the troubles in credit markets its shares are still worth five times their value on flotation. Visa clearly reckons that it might benefit in the same way. 2006年十月Visa曾作出决定在欧洲以外的地区发行债券(同时Visa仍然受银行控制)。同年五月,Visa的最大竞争对手MasterCard在由首次公开募股获得了巨大成功。尽管信用卡市场仍存在问题,但是MasterCard的债券仍然翻了五番。Visa也许就是因为这点,希望通过与MasterCard融资相同的方式来获取成功。 February 23 我思故我在【转】HP大中华区总裁退休感言HP大中华区总裁孙振耀退休感言(关于工作/生活),关于将来选择怎样的生活方式,去公司,外企还是国企;去公务员,政府还是高校;当作选择的时候,也许不能只看前几年,眼光稍微远一点,将来的路子就宽一点。
一、关于工作与生活 我有个有趣的观察,外企公司多的是25-35岁的白领,40岁以上的员工很少,二三十岁的外企员工是意气风发的,但外企公司40岁附近的经理人是很尴尬的。我见过的40岁附近的外企经理人大多在一直跳槽,最后大多跳到民企,比方说,唐骏。外企员工的成功很大程度上是公司的成功,并非个人的成功,西门子的确比国美大,但并不代表西门子中国经理比国美的老板强,甚至可以说差得很远。而进外企的人往往并不能很早理解这一点,把自己的成功90%归功于自己的能力,实际上,外企公司随便换个中国区总经理并不会给业绩带来什么了不起的影响。好了问题来了,当这些经理人40多岁了,他们的薪资要求变得很高,而他们的才能其实又不是那么出众,作为外企公司的老板,你会怎么选择?有的是只要不高薪水的,要出位的精明强干精力冲沛的年轻人,有的是,为什么还要用你? 从这个角度上来说,我不太赞成过于关注第一份工作的薪水,更没有必要攀比第一份工作的薪水,这在刚刚出校园的学生中间是很常见的。正常人大概要工作35年,这好比是一场马拉松比赛,和真正的马拉松比赛不同的是,这次比赛没有职业选手,每个人都只有一次机会。要知到,有很多人甚至坚持不到终点,大多数人最后是走到终点的,只有少数人是跑过终点的,因此在刚开始的时候,去抢领先的位置并没有太大的意义。刚进社会的时候如果进500强公司,大概能拿到3k-6k/月的工资,有些特别技术的人才可能可以到8k/月,可问题是,5年以后拿多少?估计5k-10k了不起了。起点虽然高,但增幅有限,而且,后面的年轻人追赶的压力越来越大。 二、 根源 你工作快乐么?你的工作好么? 三、什么是好工作 当初微软有个唐骏,很多大学里的年轻人觉得这才是他们向往的职业生涯,我在清华bbs里发的帖子被这些学子们所不屑,那个时候学生们只想出国或者去外企,不过如今看来,我还是对的,唐骏去了盛大,陈天桥创立的盛大,一家民营公司。一个高学历的海归在500强的公司里拿高薪水,这大约是很多年轻人的梦想,问题是,每年毕业的大学生都在做这个梦,好的职位却只有500个。 四、普通人 我发现中国人的励志和国外的励志存在非常大的不同,中国的励志比较鼓励人立下大志愿,卧薪尝胆,有朝一日成富成贵。而国外的励志比较鼓励人勇敢面对现实生活,面对普通人的困境,虽然结果也是成富成贵,但起点不一样,相对来说,我觉得后者在操作上更现实,而前者则需要用999个失败者来堆砌一个成功者的故事。 你想要的东西,或者我们把它称之为目标,目标其实并没有高低之分,你不需要因为自己的目标没有别人远大而不好意思,达到自己的目标其实就是成功,成功有大有小,快乐却是一样的。我们追逐成功,其实追逐的是成功带来的快乐,而非成功本身。职业生涯的道路上,我们常常会被攀比的心态蒙住眼睛,忘记了追求的究竟是什么,忘记了是什么能使我们更快乐。 首先要说明,工作是一件需要理智的事情,所以不要在工作上耍个性,天涯上或许会有人觉得你很有个性而叫好,煤气公司电话公司不会因为觉得你很有个性而免了你的帐单。当你很帅地炒掉了你的老板,当你很酷地挖苦了一番招聘的HR,账单还是要照付,只是你赚钱的时间更少了,除了你自己,没人受损失。 六、等待 这是个浮躁的人们最不喜欢的话题,本来不想说这个话题,因为会引起太多的争论,而我又无意和人争论这些,但是考虑到对于职业生涯的长久规划,这是一个躲避不了的话题,还是决定写一写,不爱看的请离开吧。 有很多时候我们需要等待,需要耐得住寂寞,等待属于你的那一刻。周润发等待过,刘德华等待过,周星驰等待过,王菲等待过,张艺谋也等待过……看到了他们如今的功成名就的人,你可曾看到当初他们的等待和耐心?你可曾看到金马奖影帝在街边摆地摊?你可曾看到德云社一群人在剧场里给一位观众说相声?你可曾看到周星驰的角色甚至连一句台词都没有?每一个成功者都有一段低沉苦闷的日子,我几乎能想象得出来他们借酒浇愁的样子,我也能想象得出他们为了生存而挣扎的窘迫。在他们一生最中灿烂美好的日子里,他们渴望成功,但却两手空空,一如现在的你。没有人保证他们将来一定会成功,而他们的选择是耐住寂寞。如果当时的他们总念叨着“成功只是属于特权阶级的”,你觉得他们今天会怎样? 逆境,是上帝帮你淘汰竞争者的地方。要知道,你不好受,别人也不好受,你坚持不下去了,别人也一样,千万不要告诉别人你坚持不住了,那只能让别人获得坚持的信心,让竞争者看着你微笑的面孔,失去信心,退出比赛。胜利属于那些有耐心的人。 七、入对行跟对人 在中国,大概很少有人是一份职业做到底的,虽然如此,第一份工作还是有些需要注意的地方,有两件事情格外重要,第一件是入行,第二件事情是跟人。第一份工作对人最大的影响就是入行,现代的职业分工已经很细,我们基本上只能在一个行业里成为专家,不可能在多个行业里成为专家。很多案例也证明即使一个人在一个行业非常成功,到另外一个行业,往往完全不是那么回事情,“你想改变世界,还是想卖一辈子汽水?”是乔布斯邀请百事可乐总裁约翰·斯考利加盟苹果时所说的话,结果这位在百事非常成功的约翰,到了苹果表现平平。其实没有哪个行业特别好,也没有哪个行业特别差,或许有报道说哪个行业的平均薪资比较高,但是他们没说的是,那个行业的平均压力也比较大。看上去很美的行业一旦进入才发现很多地方其实并不那么完美,只是外人看不见。 八、选择职业 职业的选择,总的来说,无非就是销售、市场、客服、物流、行政、人事、财务、技术、管理几个大类,有个有趣的现象就是,500强的CEO当中最多的是销售出身,第二多的人是财务出身,这两者加起来大概超过95%。现代IT行业也有技术出身成为老板的,但实际上,后来他们还是从事了很多销售和市场的工作,并且表现出色,公司才获得了成功,完全靠技术能力成为公司老板的,几乎没有。这是有原因的,因为销售就是一门跟人打交道的学问,而管理其实也是跟人打交道的学问,这两者之中有很多相通的东西,他们的共同目标就是“让别人去做某件特定的事情。”而财务则是从数字的层面了解生意的本质,从宏观上看待生意的本质,对于一个生意是否挣钱,是否可以正常运作有着最深刻的认识。 虽然离开惠普仅有十五天,但感觉上惠普已经离我很远。我的心思更多放在规划自己第二阶段的人生,这并非代表我对惠普没有任何眷恋,主要还是想以此驱动自己往前走。 我思故我在 【转】我为什么回国2001年张朝阳接受专访时的谈话整理,这么多年过去了,现在重新看,仍然有很多启发价值。 关于出国,关于具体去哪个国家,是需要想清楚的一个问题。 我到美国考取的奖学金项目是由李政道发起的,这个项目每年从中国招100个学生到美国去学习。考这个项目的时候,全国各大学筛选出来700个人参加考试,清华送出一个有25人参加的代表队。说实话,所有能来参加考试的人其实都是各学校的尖子,几乎每个人都有远大的抱负,想拿到诺贝尔奖、想当物理大师的比比皆是,每个人都特别狂。而且在应考阶段,主考方面把大家放在一起,一天24小时让他们在各个方面进行较量,这就把学习变成了一场非常艰苦的心理搏斗。 这个项目最终的录取人数为100人,所有这700名学生都经过了严格的三天考试。那次清华有8个人考上这个项目,我就是其中的一个。这场竞争给我留下的印象之深,至今都让我觉得有一种“曾经沧海难为水”的感觉。事实的确如此,现在经常有人问我:“在面对风险投资时心理压力能不能承受?”我则回答:“这些压力比起我在清华参加考试的时候的压力要小得多。” 那时候我正十八九岁,在这样的年纪就必须面对这种竞争,对人的心理折磨是很厉害的。所以我从那时候起就开始冬泳,当时自认为是锻炼身体,现在仔细想想那实际上是在进行一种自我虐待,是想通过一种非常艰苦的过程来向自己证明自身的坚强。 这场竞争最终把我带到了美国。 我靠着这个奖学金项目到美国之后,辗转进入了麻省理工学院搞凝聚态物理。现在想想其实我挺为自己觉得幸运的。麻省理工学院本身的校风非常务实,我从这种务实的校风里体会到不少正确做事的方法。 1993年年底我拿到博士学位,这时候的我已经开始对物理以外的很多事情感兴趣起来。那时候华尔街的人认为麻省理工学院的学生都很聪明,尤其是学物理和学数学的,所以他们的人愿意到我们学校来招人,我的很多同学都因为这个原因到华尔街当股票分析员去了。 但是我当时觉得在美国呆了这么长时间,最能发挥我作用的是必须做一些跟中国有点关系的事情,不然我跟美国人比起来几乎可以说没有什么特长。经过仔细为自己分析,我觉得对当时的我来说,最直接的一条路就是留在麻省理工学院做跟中国相关的事情。那时候我的导师已被提升为副校长了,而且我们学校也真的有和中国发展一些关系的设想,校方就任命我来做这些事情。在行政上,校方把我放在一个叫做企业关系部的部门里面,专门负责跟中国方面的联络事务。其实,这个职位等于是为我这样一个人凭空创造出来的。 从此我在这个职位上开始了完全与物理无关的工作,更多的是跟别人吃饭,做国际关系,在学校里接待中国来访的官员,也安排校方领导到中国访问。 我明白我当时所做的事情使得我在这个社会所受到的重视程度跟我想得到的重视程度根本不相符,所以我一直觉得特别迷惘,不明白自己的人生为什么这么艰难,自己为什么生活得这么痛苦。但是,每当我回到国内的时候,我就能感受到一种非常明显的理直气壮。真的,那时候在国内遇到的任何人,我觉得他们都活得那么理直气壮,哪怕他们是在跟人吵架。而我在美国见到的华人,不管他是做什么的,哪怕是高级教授,都给我一种疲弱无力的感觉,我相信这是长期客 居他乡给人造成的外在精神缺憾。 我同样观察到在北京的美国人也一样给人这种感受。也就是说我在北京看到的美国人和在美国看到的美国人感觉是不一样的。在北京看到的美国人大多也给人疲弱、苍白的感觉,而在美国看到的美国人都显得生活很充实、很忙碌的样子。 所以,这个问题不是华人在美国有没有受到歧视的问题,而是你究竟有没有主流文化的感觉。你不在主流文化里面,你的生活中必定缺乏营养。我常常这样觉得:任何离开从小长大的环境到另外一个文化圈子里面去的人,都不太可能在新文化圈子里融入主流文化,哪怕这个人外语讲得再好。 这些思考让我得出的体会是:如果我跟美国人之间想达成类似中国人之间的那种“一回生二回熟”的信任,以求谋得一些商业利益,可能需要很长时间。 这让我觉得作为一个在自己文化圈中运作的人可以利用的社会资源特别特别多。 这样的一种思考贯穿了我整个1994、1995年反复回国的过程,我越来越觉得自己只有回到国内才能做出更大的事情。 当我把我的这个想法说出来之后,我周围的很多朋友都很不理解为什么我要放弃。 我知道这些人能有今天都是靠他们自己奋斗得来的,再加上他们已经在美国呆的时间很长了,你问他:“想不想回国?”他们一定回答:“不想回国。”如果你再问他:“在美国生活得快乐不快乐?”他们一定会说: “我在这儿挺好的。”根据这样的回答你会得出这样一个结论:中国人在美国混得都挺好的。但是如果你把时光压缩一下,比较一下这些人在出国前怀有的满腔抱负和他们现在在美国所处的境况,就会发现他们在自己的理想和抱负方面已经大打折扣了,也就是说他们已经对自己无所求,求的就是稳定和安逸的生活。 这点毫无疑问是和仍旧留在国内的人不大一样的。我回国之后见到国内的三四十岁的知识分子,他们一个个基本上还和以前一样,都还是忧国忧民主义者。 美国社会整个一切一切的事情基本上都跟我们在文化圈之外的人没有关系。长期处于这种状况下的人慢慢就会忘记了当初的抱负,只是看到了一些表面的东西:在郊外有一栋洋房,有几辆车,孩子能上最好的大学。或者扩大一点来说,一个议员要到华人社区来募捐竞选,大家都去参加参加等等。如果总是停留在这样一些活动中,他们就会不知道这个圈子之外还有一个更加辉煌灿烂的、主宰和控制美国的东西。 老实说我在回国之后的这三年里见到过许多很核心的美国人,比我过去呆在美国那么多年所见到的美国重要人物要多得多,我同时也知道了主宰美国这个社会的这些人都在干什么。 如果我像过去一样停留在美国的话,这些人我是不可能见到的,或者说我可能要花很多时间才能见到他们,才能和他们一起做生意,但是我立足于国内再回到美国之后,由于我带来的是一种他们所没有的机会,我和他们的这种交流和合作就格外受到重视。 在国内的这三年我更清楚地看到了主宰美国这个社会的主流在什么地方,所以越回国呆就越觉得当时所作的回国决定绝对正确。当年我在美国虽然在麻省理工学院工作,但是我还是觉得自己不在美国主流社会里面,包括我们学校里一些很著名的院级华人教授我都不觉得他们生活在主流社会里面。华人在美国处于亚文化这事情是绝对的,这并不因为你上过美国的什么学校就能够改变。 在美国如果我去酒吧喝酒的话,我甚至不如当地一些做蓝领工作的人知道的事情多,我在那里看到一帮美国人在谈论周围发生的各种各样事情的感觉,都让我觉得自己是外人。 而后来我回到国内来,我从国内出租车司机、餐馆服务员、走在街上的人们身上也能够感受到人活在自己的国土上、在主流文化的圈子里的那种津津有味。 说到回国,又必须牵涉出另外一件事情和另外一个人。 他是我同学的同学,他从哈佛商学院毕业之后准备开办一个商务信息发展公司,而且他准备开办的这个公司已经进入了筹备阶段。他是美国人,父母给了他一些钱,他的公司叫INTERNET SECURITIES INC.(简称ISI),比照当时非常受欢迎的“美国在线 (AMERICAN ON LINE)”,他想做一个“欧洲在线”,我当时其实正在想做一个“亚洲在线”或者是‘冲国在线”。 因为他的业务要在全世界发展,所以他需要在中国建立一个办公室来收集中国的商业信息,这样的话他需要派一个人到中国来。当时我急需回国,所以我忍受了非常低的工资待遇。但是有些话我是和他明说了的,我告诉他我虽然接受了ISI的工作,但我最终还是要开办一个自己的公司,所以我要他给我一定的时间来探索这件事情的可能性。我的这位朋友很开明,他允许我有百分之三十的时间来研究自己的事情。 我就这样带着他人的使命和自己的想法回国了。 也许是因为我在美国一直呆在学校里,即便后来工作了,但时间也不长,因此我对物质生活的要求也不是很高。回国后的前几个月我一直住在一个既当办公室又当住处的二星级酒店里,房间只有四平方米,热水也时常并不很热,条件很不好。但与此同时我能够看到周围的人都是和自己一样的人,这种感觉让我觉得心情很好。 时间很快地就到了第二年。第二年的4月份我回美国开会,特意绕道麻省理工学院商学院去,找以前我认识的一位教授爱德华·罗伯特谈,那时候我已经对自己的公司有一点初步的想法。我的这个想法得到了这位教授的支持,他愿意拿出一笔钱来帮我成立这个公司,但是他提出还需要另外有人一起投资共担风险。 到1996年11月份的时候我最后落实下来的只有两个人,筹集到的资金总额为22.5万美元。有了这笔钱之后,我回到中国来开始探索自己的新公司该怎么做。 1997年一整年的时间我都在探索新公司的专业发展模式,首先我决定我们的公司主要做内容,而不是做基础结构的ISP,也就是说我们不去管网络的基础结构,而是管网络所蕴含的内容。后来我们做了一阵又决定应该集中精力来帮助别人分类整理内容,而不是去做原始内容。 到了1998年2月份的时候我们把自己主要业务的产品起名叫做“搜抓(SOHU)”正式推出,我们网站一炮打响,从此“搜狐”成为中国互联网第一品牌。 1998年是我们推出“搜狐”以后进入巨大增长的阶段,而在资金方面,到 1997年 11月份我手里的22.5万美元就已经快用光了。9月份我又到美国去融资,这一次融资就应该算是比较正式的风险融资了。 这一次其实是非常艰苦的融资过程,因为你站在中国的国土上到美国去融资或者说要想说服美国人往中国投钱,这件事本身就是非常非常难的。当时对方担心的主要问题在于究竟中国有没有市场。这在美国人来讲心理上有一个很大的台阶要上。所幸那次我一共融来了二百多万美元,是英特尔(INTEL)公司和其他几个公司联合投入的。这样的话,1998年整个“搜狐”的发展就不缺资金了。 迄今为止,我们公司业绩发展不错,到1998年公司的收支已经可以靠广告持平了,公司1998年全年的收入达到100万美元。而且更为重要的是,现在国内的人已经开始对“风险投资”这个概念持接受态度了,在这方面我们算是国内的一个典范,人们一提到风险投资就会提到我们的“搜狐”。 现在,国内的风险投资甚至已经成为一个相当时髦的概念,所以现在的融资和过去相比变得容易多了。但是由于我们有很多东西都还处于探索阶段,这就带来了很多危机和很多危险性。但是我们绝对看好自己的事业,互联网能够在美国乃至国际上取得那么大的成就,在国内也一定能行。美国很多成功的模式在中国最后肯定也能够获得成功,对此我深信不疑。 在过去的三年里,我在公司里做的一直是管理工作,现在我们的公司已经有一百多人了。我的管理经验也从管理一个人、两个人一直成长到现在,到年底,我们的员工人数大约要增加到两百人。 走到今天,自己回想一下,如果没有美国的经历,我会在好几个方面比较欠缺。到美国去生活使我见了比较大的世面,理解了世界上除了一种国家的生存形态还有另外一种形态的生存,同时也体会到美国人定义下的平等概念。在我看来,这种平等的概念特别重要,所以我在价值取向上没有很强的等级观念。 当然,除了没有等级观念之外我还获得了危机意识和生存意识。我在美国奋斗了九年多,那种危机感一直都跟随着我。 而且,在美国的这么多年里见识了很多人的各种各样的生活方式以后,我已经不会很狭隘地保留一种小人得志的感觉,可以生活得非常平民化,这些都是综合了美国给我的各种观念而成的,比如平民精神,比如平民文化,比如见过世面,比如边缘人心态,等等。 但是我一直有一个观念,那就是我觉得自己并不是儒商,之所以有这样的想法,也是因为我去美国接受了这种平等的、没有官本位观念的概念。中国的儒商因为受到中国学而优则仕观念的影响,对于一些冠冕堂皇的大目标比较关注,相比之下,我比较崇尚美国电脑大亨比尔·盖茨的追求,他说:“我这辈子没有什么要求,我的要求就是想要让每个人的桌面上有一台电脑。”这其实是很崇高的理想,这样他就可以形成百年老店,这样他就可以屹立不倒。 而在中国,儒商稍微做出了大一点的成就,他们马上就会想到政治上的、文化上的、忧国忧民上的事情,最后,他作决定的时候观念都可能模糊了。他在作很多决策的时候就开始头脑发热,从而变得不会去务实,不会去瞄准一件产品让它长期地发展,不考虑自己的产品真正能够为市场带来什么,这其实就是中国儒商自我发展的一种局限性。 至于我自己的目标,其实很简单:我最终希望公司能够在华尔街上市,我的心愿是要把它变成更大的品牌。 发展到今天这样一步,我认为我们这批人当百万富翁的可能性很大很大,因为我们已经占据了一个有利的地形,我们有很强大的风险资本的支持,我们有一个很好的队伍。如果说中国互联网上能够有人成功,我认为非我们莫属。 我觉得在国外接受过教育再回国来创业,走这样的一条路很好。一个知识人才如果单独在国内发展会受很多限制,这种限制来自多种方面,因为西方的商业操作是非常成熟的,中国搞市场经济也就十几年,所以中国在市场操作方面是很幼稚的。因此,在经营操作方面我绝对推崇美国做法。 未来我会一直生活在中国,我不想来中国来挣一笔钱又回美国去居住。 我告诉你一个让我自己也觉得奇特的感觉,对美国,对我去美国交涉事情的城市,我每每完成了在那里的事务之后,那个城市就让我觉得倏然陌生起来。 唯一不变的是我还是喜欢喝咖啡,我喝咖啡已经可以算是一种情结了,就跟抽烟一样。我觉得自己享受的不只是咖啡的那个味道,还有由那个味道所诱发的思想和那种拿着林子坐在那种环境中的氛围,这其实已经是一种文化了。 我有时候自己喝,有时候和别人一块儿喝,有时候也在喝咖啡的时候写东西。 这时候的咖啡之香充满心脾和周围,我告诉过你这是文化。 February 22 Babbling and Blabbing (6) 幸儿的胡言乱语六What am I supposed to be doing with my life? -- The QLC Message Boards of this month 拿什么拯救我的人生?——本月QLC问题 QLC, is they so called the "Quarter-life Crisis", technically for twenty and thirty. It is when you stop going along with the crowd and start realizing that there are many things about yourself that you didn't know and may not like. You start feeling insecure and wonder where you will be in a year or two, but then get scared because you barely know where you are now. QLC是“中少年危机”的缩写,主要人群是二十到三十岁的人。如果你是这个群体中一员,你是否有这样的感觉,在人山人海的人潮中,你突然停下来发现自己已经跟不上时代的潮流,那些新事物对你来说是那么的陌生,甚至厌烦。于是你开始紧张自己的未来,你该何去何从,这个问题如同梦魇一直困扰着你。 My life quantity is pretty bad during the past month, even it's Chinese New Year break time. I get up early 6 o'clock every morning and did not go to bed until midnight. And what I have gained, nothing but exhaustion. What worse, I even can not figure out what I've done all through a day, it is just looked like I've been busy, without any practical result. 我的生活质量在过去的一个月中降到了最低点,即使是过年放假期间,我早6点起床晚12点入睡。这样的生活看上去忙碌,但是却实在收获甚微。我只是看上去非常的忙碌,但是忙来忙去,我自己都不知道自己忙了些什么。 I am getting all old, with health problem, lovely handle and eyes problem. I spent RMB688 to attend the gym in the next three months, for the cost, I have to get some really practical result this time. 是的,我也成为了中少年危机中的一员,同时困扰我的还有健康问题,比如由于长时间坐姿引起的腰部游泳圈和视力问题。所以,我花了688元买了张健身房的季卡,看在这卡的价格份上,我想我必须在健康问题上得到实际的收获。 February 21 EDC 返港记者会宣布退出香港娱乐圈听译视频地址:http://you.video.sina.com.cn/8etv 受中文同声传译影响,部分英文没有听清,这些部分由蓝色标注。不过这些没听清的部分不是重点。 (sigh...) Today I've come back to Hong Kong to stand in front of you, and come to myself. I've never escaped from my responsibility. During the past weeks, I've been with my mother, and my family lovers, to show their support care. And I, for all the time, have their support care for me. I've been known most of the photos been circulating on the Internet were taken by me. But these photos were very private and have not been shown to people and were never intended to be shown to anyone. These photos were stolen illegally, and without my acceptance. There is no doubt that obtaining of these photos, have uploaded mountain to the Internet with malicious intent. This matter is seriously have affected to all the society. And in this regard, I am deeply sad. I would like now to apologize to all the people for all the suffers it has caused, that has been caused for the reason I have mentioned. I would like to apologize to all the ladys and their families, for any harm or hurt. I am sorry. I am sorry for my mother and father, for all the suffer I've caused. Most importantly, I would like to apologize for all the people in Hong Kong. I give my apology sincerely to you all, split it out, and with my heart. I know young people in Hong Kong like to admire figures in this society, and in this regard, I have failed, failed as a role model. However, I wish that this matter will teach everyone a lesson. To all the young people in our community, let this be a lesson for you all. This is not an example to be set for you. During the time I was away, I've made an important decision, I would whole heartly take all the commitment I have made, but after that, I've decided to step away from the Hong Kong entrainment industry. I've decided to do this to give myself an opportunity to heal myself and to search my soul. I would dedicate my time to charity community work within the next few months. I would be away from the Hong Kong entrainment immortally, there is no time limited. I've been assisting the police for the photos published in the Internet from the first day. At this present point, I have the response to help them with the investigation, and hope this case would end soon. I'd like to use this opportunity to thank the police, for the help in this case. Thank you. I believe everyone, and myself now, is to stop the suffering from the pain, and not let this situation out of control. We need to protect all the innocence and all the young from matter like this. In this regard, I've asked my lawyer to do everything possible for the victims in this case. I believe the speech has been issued as we speak, as my advice. Lastly, I would like to thank everyone for coming here today, and listen to what I have to say, I would like also to apologize once again for all the ladys and their family, and everyone in Hong Kong and everyone else. I am deeply sorry about this. And I apologize for everyone who has to go through this. I would like also thank you for giving me this opportunity to say what I am want to say all along in my heart. I hope after today, I can have your forgive for this. In regards to this case with everything and everything did happen, I am deeply sorry. I hope all of you would accept my apology, and give me a chance. Thank you. February 17 17FEB08 Turn that noise off 关掉噪音以下翻译仅为本人休闲练习英语之用,文章以及照片版权归The Economist所有
MUSIC has the power to delight the listener, improve well-being and uplift the soul. But sounds have more malign uses too. The beauty of the music produced by the Sirens of ancient Greek legend drew unwary sailors to their doom on the rocks. And in Britain calls have been made this week to ban the use of the Mosquito, a high-pitched-noise generator that is used to disperse groups of unruly teenagers from congregating points such as shopping centres and housing estates. Campaigners say that it is unfair to subject the young to a discomforting sound that only they can detect—older ears are no longer sensitive enough to detect the Mosquito’s din. 音乐能使人心情愉悦,净化人的心灵。然而声音有时候也有副作用。比如古希腊传说中妖媚的笛声却也是使水手失去心智从而触礁沉船的“死亡之音”。本周英国下令禁止使用“音频驱蚊器”,这种设备能发出脉冲高频从而驱逐在商店闹区或者居住区的闹事街头少年。有人认为利用只有“年轻的耳朵”听得到,但是“年老的耳朵”听不到声音而做成的“音频驱蚊器”是不公平的。 The aural assault on Britain’s potentially troublesome youth is not the first. Over ten years ago stations on the Tyne and Wear Metro were equipped with speakers that blasted out classical music. Mozart and Beethoven did the job of dispersing or calming hooligans so successfully that London Underground later adopted the idea too. Australian authorities used a similar technique by playing cheesy music, such as Barry Manilow, deemed so “uncool” by suburban teens that it would drive them away from troublespots. 这些由于街头少年搞出来的音乐事件在英国已经不是第一次。十年前在泰恩-威尔郡地铁就曾安排了演奏古典音乐的人,用莫扎特和贝多芬的曲子来驱散和平静那些闹事的街头少年,这种方法十分有效以至于后来伦敦地铁也效仿。澳大利亚当局则采用播放俗气音乐的方法,比如Barry Manilow这种老掉牙的歌从而使街头少年不耐烦的走开。 Few could argue that harnessing classical music to keep the peace is anything but a fine idea. But music (or noise, depending on the age of the definer) has been used for far more sinister purposes too. In the second world war rumours circulated of a giant German sonic device that could be deployed to devastating effect on the battlefield. Fortunately its vast size and almost complete lack of portability reputedly limited its destructive potential. During the cold war similar devices were said to be in development on both sides of the Iron Curtain. 恐怕没有人会否认利用古典音乐来维护和平不是个好主意。但是音乐(不是那种会由于年龄不同而听到或听不到的噪音)却曾被当作恶劣的武器。在二战中曾有谣言德国制造出巨大的可以用在战场上的具有杀伤性功能的声学武器。幸运的是,这种武器那庞大的体积和难以移动性限制了其杀伤能力。冷战期间,类似的声学武器在冷战双方的特种装甲中都有配备。 Even in 1999 Human Rights Watch, a pressure group, fearful of the humanitarian threats posed by acoustic weapons, monitored developments. Since then the group has gone quiet but its concern may not be misplaced. America’s military has shown that it is prepared to deploy sound to its tactical advantage. After America’s invasion of Panama in 1989 its intention to seize Manuel Noriega, the head of state it accused of drug running, was thwarted after he took refuge in Panama City’s Vatican embassy. A siege lasting nearly two weeks was broken only after the forces surrounding the embassy played deafening rock music 24 hours a day (including Van Halen and Guns 'n' Roses), over loudspeakers that ringed the compound. 甚至在1999年,一个叫做“人权观察”的组织,为了防止人类受到这种声学武器的危害,组织了倡议运动。自那以后,这个组织虽然销声匿迹但是其倡议却是没有被人忽视(这里指不好的方面)。美国军方利用声音作为战术优势。在1989年美国入侵巴拿马并试图捉拿毒贩头Manuel Noriega时,Manuel Noriega却躲到巴拿马的梵谛冈大使馆里。于是美军在使馆周围布满了扩音器,连续两周每天24小时不停地放震耳欲聋的摇滚乐(包括范海伦和枪花)。 America’s armed forces are also accused of using loud rap music and television theme tunes to disorient and disturb prisoners both in Iraq and Gunatanamo Bay. Another technique is to impose absolute silence as part of a sensory-deprivation programme. And both American and Israeli armies and some less scrupulous police forces around the world are said to have used a sonic tool, the “long range acoustic device”. It emits unpleasant high-pitched wails that are intended to disperse crowds. In 2005 a cruise ship even reported its use to repel pirates off the coast of Somalia. But the effectiveness of the device is subject to much dispute. 美军还被指责大声播放说唱音乐和电视剧主题曲来干扰和折磨被关在伊拉克和关塔纳摩监狱的囚犯。还有一种技术是把人放在绝对的安静之中,这是“听觉剥夺计划”的一部分。并且美军和以色列部队以及其他名声不好的部队,都曾使用过一种叫做“大范围声学设备”。这种设备可以发射出令人不悦的高频悲叹声用来驱散人群。甚至在2005年有报道索马里海岸边防的巡逻船用这种声学设备来驱逐海盗(或者偷渡者?)。但是这种设备的功效还是有所争议的。 Nevertheless the aggressive use of music and tailor-made sounds is becoming more commonplace. But these weapons, like any others, risk falling into the wrong hands. The simple technologies that are the bad neighbour’s weapon of choice (big speakers, “bad” music) might be turned against their users. Rap and heavy metal music is freely available though more fiendish musical terroriser might even choose experimental jazz or Maltese folk music. Hefty speakers are bought and sold openly too. 不过随着音乐在人们普通生活中的渗透如今它已无处不在。但是作为武器,就像其他任何形式的武器一样,却有着一但落入不法分子手里后果不堪设想的风险。这种简单可以用来抗议你的邻居的方法,也许违背了其产生的本质。说唱和摇滚乐是触手就可以得到的,哪怕更残暴的音乐恐怖分子也许会实验性的选择爵士乐或者马耳他民谣。大音箱也是到处就可以买到的。 British teenagers have already shown how the table can be turned. Using mobile phones to record the silent-to-many output of the Mosquito machines they have used the sound to disrupt classes by irritating fellow students while teachers remain oblivious. And in schoolrooms, where mobiles are banned, the sound is a useful semi-private ringtone. In an already noisy world an arms race of sound is not to be welcomed. 英国青少年已经以其人之道还其人之身。根据声音选择性听到这原理,制作了高频手机,来骚扰那些正常听课的学生而站在讲台上的老师仍然对下面发生的事情一无所知。然而在禁止使用手机的课堂里,这种声音就变成了一种半隐私性的铃声。在这个已经喧闹嘈杂的世界,我们不欢迎这支用声音武装的部队。 February 16 16FEB08 High hurdles 困难重重以下翻译仅为本人休闲练习英语之用,文章以及照片版权归The Economist所有
LOFTY words are always a hostage to fortune. The Olympic movement boasts that the Games “have always brought people together in peace to respect universal moral principles.” Yet history suggests otherwise. Boycotts marred the jamborees of 1956, 1976, 1980 and 1984. In 1968 two American sprinters gave a Black Power salute on the podium. The 1972 Games were blighted when Palestinian terrorists killed 11 Israeli athletes. 崇高的话语是运气的人质。奥林匹克标榜自己是“在全人类共同的道德准则下,使世界人民团结在一起”的运动。然而历史却告诉我们另一些事实。不和谐的事件就曾经破坏了1956,1976,1980和1984年的奥林匹克盛会。还有,1968年两名美国短跑运动员在领奖台上向“黑人权利”致敬事件。1972年巴勒斯坦恐怖分子刺杀11名以色列运动员事件。 幸儿手记:blight愿意指植物枯萎病,这里做动词讲是阻碍。用词真妙。 LOFTY words are always a hostage to fortune.这句很异译有点难,意思理解了但是没有想到汉语中与其意思大概对应的话语。 Now China, due to host the Games in August, is finding that its Olympic slogan—“One world, one dream”—also rests on hope more than fact. Steven Spielberg, an American film director, has quit as an artistic adviser for the opening and closing ceremonies: China, he said, must do more to stop the bloodshed in Darfur. On February 14th a group of Nobel laureates and athletes said the same in a letter to the Independent, a British daily. 作为八月奥运会的主办方的中国,,也陷入其奥林匹克标语——“同一个世界,同一个梦想”——言而不实的困扰中。美国大牌导演斯蒂芬•斯皮尔伯格(Steven Spielberg)以达尔富尔问题为由辞去了奥运会开幕和闭幕仪式的艺术顾问一职。他说,中国必须在阻止达尔富尔流血暴力事件上做出更大的努力。在2月14日,由诺贝尔文学奖获得者以及运动员组成的团体,(让我们姑且叫他们“达尔富尔队”吧)在接受英国《独立日报》采访时,也表示了同样的看法。 Since Beijing won the right to stage the Games in 2001 China has known that it would have a hard time preventing critics of its human-rights abuses from spoiling the event. In 2006 it was delighted when Mr Spielberg came on board. But to China’s surprise, its behaviour abroad, particularly in Sudan, has been the focus of Hollywood’s ire in the run-up to the Games. 自从2001年北京申办奥运会成功后,中国政府就知道自己的人权问题将面临严峻的挑战,而这与其奥运会形象息息相关。2006年斯皮尔伯格出任艺术顾问本来是个喜事。然而让中国政府意外的是,就在奥运会的开幕式即将临近时,其海外政策,尤其是苏丹,竟然成为了好莱坞不满的焦点。 China has reacted angrily to what it calls attempts to “politicise” the Olympics. But recently it has been stung by the attempts of activists like Mia Farrow, an American actress, to portray the games as a “genocide Olympics” because of the killings in Sudan. China buys most of Sudan’s oil and sells it arms. This, say activists, makes it complicit in the state-orchestrated killing that has devastated Darfur. 中国政府已经对于此事件进行了强烈的回应,并且称之为“试图将体育政治化的奥林匹克精神”。但是讽刺的是,最近美国演员Mia Farrow,借正在苏丹发生的流血暴力事件,将这次奥运会称之为“种族灭绝的奥林匹克精神”。“达尔富尔队”认为中国政府对于发上在达尔富尔的流血事件负有不可推卸的责任。 To deflect such charges, China has shifted a little from its usual refusal to get involved in other countries’ political affairs. Western diplomats credit China with helping to persuade Sudan to accept a UN peacekeeping mission there. But this has not satisfied Mr Spielberg. 为了减少这些负面指责,中国政府稍微转变了其在国际争端中的“中立态度”。西方外交家们称赞中国劝说苏丹政府接受联合国驻兵的做法。但是斯皮尔伯格却仍然觉得不满意。 Even as it rejects their “politicisation”, the Games are of huge political importance to China. The Olympiads of the 1970s and 1980s were an athletic projection of the cold war; now China’s leaders want to show off their country as a respected world power, no longer weighed down by memories of the killings of pro-democracy demonstrators in Beijing in 1989. (They want to top the medal table too.) George Bush has said he will be there. 即使中国政府试图摆脱这次奥运会的“政治化”帽子,但是奥运会确实对于中国的政治有很大的影响。如果说1970到1980冷战期间的奥林匹克还仅仅只是参与运动层面上的,那么这次中国政府希望树立其世界大国形象,从而摆脱1989年天安门事件的恶劣形象。(当然他们也想站在奖牌榜上的第一位。)乔治布什曾说他将参加这次奥运会。 But activists may be hard to muzzle. What if one of the guests says something rude? The Olympic movement’s rules bar athletes from making political “demonstrations” at Olympic venues. But this week, after much criticism, the British Olympic Association said it was rethinking a decision to ask its team members to promise not to comment on sensitive issues during the games. Politics will intrude one way or another. 但是这次“达尔富尔”事件的负面影响难以消除。如果参加者出言不逊怎么办?奥林匹克精神是不容许运动员有政治化的“言论”。但是这周,发生了如此多关于北京奥运会的批评后,英国奥林匹克协会表示其将重新考虑关于不容许其运动员在比赛期间对敏感话题发表评论的规定。看来,政治因素总是要被牵扯到这届运动会中。 幸儿手记:继污染,中国商品质量低劣之后,“达尔富尔”问题大概是北京奥运会迄今为止面临的最严重的一次负面新闻。事情既然已经发生,太多评论似乎没有太多实际意义。我觉得我们需要反省的是,奥委会对于处理这些可以在国内不公开,但是对国外必须公开的问题的方法,确实需要改进。要知道,国外的评论家,比起国内的评论家,要更难忽悠,也需要更“精明”的方法。这种企图用“体育政治化”的概念偷换来平息这场风波,显然反而被别人拿来笑话了。也许采取更主动积极的顺水推舟,向外部公布更多的中国政府在为阻止这场流血暴力事件中所作的努力(哪怕不是实质上的),会更好一些。 February 15 出国行李清单(补完01)Thanks GM. Noted here, it's a nice call: the dental health. Meanwhile, it remind me of the eye health. You'd better renew your glasses before going abroad. 谢谢GM。他的建议非常好,出国前提前检查好的:牙齿健康。同时,还要注意你的眼睛健康。最好在临走前配新的眼镜。 February 13 出国行李清单Glad to hear that one of my best friends is going to Korea for an exchanging program at the end of this month; much better than me here, life is just round and round till down to the ground. So again, BIG CONGRATULATIONS~~ and I am here to write a list about what you'd better take along with, to be specific, as a girl. 很高兴得知我的好朋友之一将在这个月底踏上前往韩国的海外交流生生活;比我在这里日复一日的枯燥生活要好很多。所以,在此恭喜她~~而我也将列出一份出国行李清单,主要是为女生。 Stock up on right medicines OTC medicines like Nyquil, Dyer's woad root, Digestant, Drugs for when you have loose bowels; allergy; sore throat, Woundplast, Drugs for your own case 必备药 感冒药(建议感康+头孢,感康是强力治感冒药,头孢是消炎用的); 板蓝根(强烈建议,我当时买了几十包,变天的时候就注意喝着,所以一直没有感冒); 胃药(佛排酸,水土不服时使用); 治拉肚子的药(韩国Kimuqi辣的出名,小心吃的肠胃不舒服); 过敏药(皮炎平,用于皮肤过敏/红霉素,用于眼睛过敏); 咽喉冲剂(才去可能会说很多话,容易造成咽喉肿痛); 创伤药(创可贴和云南白药之类);根据自己身体情况所需要配备的特殊药; Cosmetics You'd better take a set of cosmetics for face care and make up, respectively. For the face care stuff, you can just take a little bit to be enough for the first arriving month use; don't neglect it, believe me that other crucial official documents will take you much effort and time so that you will not have any other energy to shopping for these daily necessaries; For the make up things, they are prepared for the Orientation and Parties. And yes, the place you're going to is Korea, the world of cosmetics, but sweet, leave that shopping time in the future when you get familiar to. Lotion, powder, blushes, conclear etc. 洗漱用品和化妆用品各带一套。 洗漱用品可买小盒装先带过去,最起码保证头一个月不需要逛当地超市就可以自给自足;不要小看这些日需品,才到外地其它更重要的文书办理需要花费很多时间和体力,千万不要想着自己还有精力逛超市买这些日需用品。 化妆品也要带一套,为正妆使用;才去会参加很多宴会和Party。至于安顿好以后再慢慢淘好宝贝儿,都是需要时间和精力的。 乳液,隔离霜,粉底,睫毛膏,眼影,眉笔,粉彩,卸妆油;睫毛夹,秀眉笔,排刷;指甲油,香水,除汗滚珠; Clothing Up to the whether there, but in my opinion: bigger, better and best. Take as many as you can, you'd better prepare to a fabulous debut. In my case, I took four sets of clothing for each season and a suit (but never used o_0), surely you'll find much better clothing there and that's why actually it's your suitcase back to China would be overloaded, I didn't bring all of them back even in twice. Socks and underwear, I took a lot. 决定于那里的天气,我的意见是,多带多拿,初次亮相,好好准备。 我当时为每个季节带了四套衣服还有一套正装(可是从来没有用),当然你会在那里买到更好的衣服,所以其实真正是你回国的行李要超重,我分两次都没有把行李全部带回国。 袜子和内衣裤,我当时带了很多。 Others Books, Notes book, Pocket guidebook of Korea, Digital dictionary, Pencase etc; Stamp; Gifts, for your supervisor (if you have), and friends; Girl's things (well, you know, better take than never); Kitchen things; You'd better check if the electrical socket in Korea is different from ours; 其它 书,记事本,韩国导游口袋书,电子辞典,文具等等; 印章(当然签名也是有效合法的); 礼物,给你的监管人(如果你有),还有朋友; 女孩的东西(恩那,比较多哈,比如红糖,大枣。。); 厨房用具(调料,水果刀,衣服架子); 你最好问问韩国的电器是否和中国是通用的; To be continue 未完待续 February 12 一则关于科西嘉人的笑话The French also like jokes about the Corsicans, Corsica is a French island where people have a reputation for being lazy, vengeful and clannish. Then the Corsicans have their own jokes about the "French" meaning the continental ones, from Paris... 科西嘉是法国的一个岛,科西嘉人被认为是懒惰的,记仇的以及排外的,因此法国人喜欢开科西嘉人的玩笑。与此同时,在科西嘉“法国”这个单词也有特殊的含义,是只那些有别于科西嘉人的内陆人,比如巴黎人。。。 The journalist asks the Corsican peasant how they build roads in his mountains. The peasant explains: we take a donkey and where he goes, we build the road. And when you do no have a donkey? We take a French engineer says the peasant. 记者问一位科西嘉农民如何在山上修路。 农民解释道:"我们牵一头驴,驴走到哪里,我们就在哪里修路。" "可是如果你们没有驴呢?"记者问。 农民回答到:"那我们就带一位"法国"工程师。" 幸儿手记:对于科西嘉的了解来自对于某人在那里的实习经历,今日正巧看到此篇笑话,闲中找乐,逗君一笑。倘若今生有幸,希望去那里一游。 February 11 11FEB08 Megaphone apology以下翻译仅为本人休闲练习英语之用,文章以及照片版权归The Economist所有 THE last time anyone can remember a Chinese leader venturing, megaphone in hand, into a disgruntled crowd to offer an apology was in May 1989 when Zhao Ziyang visited Tiananmen Square to say sorry to students protesting there. The apology neither saved Mr Zhao's career nor prevented the army's advance on the square a few days later. But it seems to have impressed one man, at Mr Zhao's left shoulder in this famous photograph of the incident (see above). This year Wen Jiabao, now China's prime minister, has been mimicking his former boss. He dropped into railway stations where freezing crowds had waited for days to get home for the annual Chinese new year holiday. He used his megaphone to apologise for the disruption caused by the worst winter weather southern and central China have endured in at least five decades. 人们所能记住的最近一次中国领导冒着危险,拿着扩音器站在不满的群众面前道歉,是1989年5月赵紫阳(中共中央总书记)在天安门广场平抚请愿学生的场景。然而这次道歉并没有能阻止事情的进一步恶化,赵紫阳既没有保住自己的官位,也没能阻止军队介入天安门事件。但是这种拿着扩音器走到不满群众面前道歉的做法似乎给某人留下了深刻的印象,这个人就是在照片中站在赵紫阳左肩方向的人(当时温家宝是中共中央办公厅主任)。今年温家宝,也就是中国国务院总理,正在效仿他的前辈。他拜访了因大雪滞留在火车站等待过年回家的旅客。他拿着扩音器,向滞留的群众道歉。中国南部和中部遭受的大雪是中国近五年来最为严重的一次,导致了铁路交通的瘫痪。 In China as anywhere else, when a politician apologises, he is usually saying “it is not my fault.” Everyone loves to blame the government and some Chinese bloggers have been muttering about Hurricane Katrina. But even in China many people will have attributed this disaster to an “act of God” rather than a foul-up by the Politburo. 在中国还有其他地方,当政客道歉的时候,他总是说“这不是我的错”。每个人都喜欢责备政府然而同时有些中国人的博客在责备Katrina飓风。即使这样大多数中国人,当灾害发生的时候,都宁愿选择相信那是天意而不是因为(共产党的)政治局的管理不当。 All the same, in a one-party dictatorship, where power has traditionally meant never having to say you're sorry, Mr Wen's humility is a welcome nod towards accountability. It forms part of a broader awareness on the part of China's leaders of the discontented grumbling of those who feel left behind in the breakneck dash for growth. In speech after speech, Mr Wen and Hu Jintao, the party's boss and China's president, have promised to do more to bridge the widening gap between China's mostly urban rich and its mostly rural poor. That gap is inhabited by people like those suffering in the cramped, icy railway stations. Many have escaped rural penury in China's interior to work as migrants in the booming factories and building sites of the coastal belt. The annual lunar new year holiday represents their one chance to have a few days off, go home and see loved ones. No wonder Mr Wen was worried about their mood. 与此同时,在一党制的体制下,也就是说当政局永远不需要承认是自己犯了错,温总理的谦虚态度是一种值得人民信赖的标志。这形成了一个广泛的群众共识,对于中国领导人的共识,那就是这些在改革大潮中感到自己落后,从而发出的不满的抱怨。在演讲之后,胡锦涛总书记和温家宝总理,在另一次讲话中承诺要尽快缩小中国城市乡村之间的贫富差距。而这些贫富差距的代表者们,就是现在被困在寒冷拥挤车站的人们。大多数是从农村到沿海经济发达地区打工的农民工。这一年一度的春节是他们唯一可以请假过年和家人团聚的机会。难怪温总理如此关怀他们的心情。 Out of controlDespite their professions of concern, however, Mr Wen and Mr Hu have done little in concrete policy terms to make them count. And there are some ways in which policy failures have indeed exacerbated the weather-induced agony. The first is the inadequacy of disaster-response mechanisms, and the poor co-ordination between the various government departments involved. Second is the refusal to tackle a basic structural problem: that China is a country with hundreds of millions of migrant workers, most of whom are separated from their families, who all take their holidays at exactly the same time. A reform to holiday entitlements is belatedly under way. Residency rules that force families apart also need reviewing. 失去控制 虽然他们的关怀是真诚的,但是胡书记和温总理都没有想过从政策上解决这个问题。确实有几点政策上的失误导致了这次由于恶劣天气引起的恐慌更加严重。第一点是不准确的自然灾害预报系统,和各省政府之间的相互合作。第二点是拒绝从根本上解决这个问题:这个问题就是中国目前有成千上万的农民工,大多数人因为和家庭分离,并且在别人休假的时候还得工作。所以与此相关的休假制度需要改革。同时那些导致家庭分离的大城市户口法规也需要重新调整。 Thirdly, at least one aspect of the latest crisis was both foreseeable and in part a direct result of government policy: the electricity shortages, which afflicted tens of millions and worsened the transport bottlenecks. A flawed reform had freed fuel prices but left power-producers unable to pass on the rising cost of coal to consumers, because electricity prices are fixed. Many producers responded by letting their stocks fall to dangerously low levels, in the hope prices would fall when the weather warms up in the spring. 第三点,至少还有一方面的危机多少是有政府政策导致的:发电力,折磨了成千上万人并且是致使这次灾害恶化的瓶颈。错误的电力系统重组政策,促成了煤价自由交易却是各大发电厂陷入了发电成本提高而电费不得提高的两难处境中。很多发电厂因此任其股票下降到哪怕十分危险的价格,通过这种手段来希望开春后煤价能够也因此而下降。 Little scares China's leaders as much as high rates of price inflation. And with food production and distribution both affected by the bad weather, they are likely to be tempted by further administrative price controls. But the lesson of the recent crisis is not that they are needed; it is that they do not work. 中国领导人似乎根本不担心货币膨胀。那些由于恶劣天气造成的对食物供应的影响,中国领导人似乎想通过进一步的价格管制来解决。他们并不需要从这次灾害中吸取教训,因为那不是他们的错。 幸儿手记:撇开这篇社评所用的对中国政府的贬义用词不说,最后提到的几点建议倒是值得思考。尤其是电力系统在这次灾害中,据我所知已经有4名职工因抢险线路而殉职,大过年的,这些家庭却要承受失去家人的痛苦;而历时一年的电力系统改革,也就是发电和电网分家的改革,到现在为止似乎收益甚少。真是又赔钱又赔命。 February 10 EDC 艳照门事件声明听译I've decided to break my silence today and make this statement to the media to all people involved in this stranger deal. Recent documents being posted online, have been intentionally hurt maliciously not only to victims but to our whole community. I have already handed this matter over to the police, and have been assisting them with this case from the first day onwards. Due to on going investigations, I am not unable to come over any further police cases. The lives of many innocent people have been affected by this malicious and criminal conduct, and in this regard, I feel with pain, hurt and frustration. I'm here by this opportunity to apologize to anyone who has been affected by this strange stranger deal. I now applaud to anyone to help victims in this case. If you have ever downloaded any of these images, please do not forward them to anyone; please do not send them to anyone. If you are still in possession of these images, I urge you to please destroy them immediately. Let's help the wounded, heal their wounds. I urge you to help the victims and not make anything worse.
February 09 09FEB08 Mitt Romney throws in the towelHE FOUGHT hard, and subsidised his campaign with millions of his own dollars, but in the end
Mitt Romney simply could not generate enough “Mitt-mentum”, as his detractors sneeringly
called it, to beat a path to the Republican nomination for president. And so, on Thursday
February 7th, Mr Romney announced that he would quit.
米特·罗姆尼(Mitt Romney)尽了他最大的努力,而且他自己用于竞选的上百万元资金掏的是自己的腰包
,然而最后他还是就像那些反对者所预料的,没有得到足够的支持率。罗姆尼已于2月7日星期四宣布退出
总统大选。
What went wrong? After all, Mr Romney was perhaps the only candidate who took positions
pleasing all the factions of the conservative base. For security types, he promised to stay
in Iraq and said that he would double the size of the prison at Guantánamo Bay. For economic
conservatives, he talked of tax cuts and touted his success as a businessman (in contrast to
his chief rival, John McCain). And he told social conservatives that he was against gay
marriage and abortion. What was the “Reagan coalition” not to like about the man?
罗姆尼输在哪里了呢?毕竟,罗姆尼是唯一站在保守派立场上的候选人。在反恐问题上,他承诺美军继续
留守伊拉克并且对增倍关塔拿默监狱的容囚力。在经济立场上,他提倡减少上税。并且他反对同性恋结婚
和堕胎。还有比罗姆尼更彻底的里根式保守主义吗?
First was his Mormonism. Most evangelical Christians in the social-conservative base feel
that Mormonism is not Christian—some even think of it as a cult. Mr Romney tried (but
failed) to pacify them with a speech on faith, saying that “Jesus Christ is the son of God
and the saviour of mankind”. He tripped up early in Iowa, the first caucus. He campaigned
heavily and far outspent his rivals, but evangelicals instead plumped for a man they felt to
be the real item: Mike Huckabee, a former Baptist preacher. Having stumbled in Iowa, Mr
Romney’s candidacy looked wobbly. He soon lost New Hampshire to Mr McCain.
首先罗姆尼输在他是摩门叫教徒的背景。大多数新教会基督教成员不认可摩门教——甚至认为它是异教。
罗姆尼尝试过(但是失败了)平息外界对其信仰的怀疑,在演讲中他说到“耶稣是上帝的儿子并且他将重
返人间(这是违背摩门教宗旨的)。在爱荷华州第一次政党会议中,他就失败了。他努力超过他的竞争对
手,但是新教会的信仰者却让Mike Huckabee,一个新教会牧师,大举获胜。自爱荷华州失手后,罗姆尼
的大选之路变得坎坷。随后在新罕布什尔州的竞选中输给了麦肯恩。 February 05 05FEB08 To Be or Not To BeTo Be or Not to Be 生存还是毁灭 William Lyon Phelps “To be or not to be.” Outside the Bible, these six words are the most famous in all the literature of the world. They were spoken by Hamlet when he was thinking aloud, and they are the most famous words in Shakespeare because Hamlet was speaking not only for himself but also for every thinking man and woman. To be or not to be --- to live or not to live; to live richly and abundantly and eagerly, or to live dully and meanly and scarcely. A philosopher once wanted to know whether he was alive or not, which is a good question for everyone to put to himself occasionally. He answered it by saying: "I think, therefore am." “生存还是毁灭。”除《圣经》以外,这六个字是整个世界文学中最有名的六个字。这六个字是哈姆雷特一次喃喃自语时说的,而这六个字也就成了莎士比亚作品中最有名的几个字了,因为这里哈姆雷特不仅道出了他自己的心声,同时也代表了一切有思想的男男女女。是活还是不活——是要生活还是不要生活,是要生活得丰满充实,兴致勃勃,还是只是活得枯燥委琐,贫乏无味。一位哲人一次曾想弄清他自己是否是在活着,这个问题我们每个人也大可不时地问问我们自己。这位哲学家对此的答案是: “我思故我在。” But the best definition of existence ever saw did another philosopher who said: "To be is to be in relations." If this true, then the more relations a living thing has, the more it is alive. To live abundantly means simply to increase the range and intensity of our relations. Unfortunately we are so constituted that we get to love our routine. But apart from our regular occupation how much are we alive? If you are interested only in your regular occupation, you are alive only to that extent. So far as other things are concerned--poetry and prose, music, pictures, sports, unselfish friendships, politics, international affairs--you are dead. 但是我所见过的关于生存一条最好的定义却是另一位哲学家下的:“生活即是联系。”如果这话不假的话,那么一个有生命者的联系越多,它也就越有生气。所谓要活得丰富充实也即是要扩大和加强我们的各种联系。不幸的是,我们往往会因为天性不够丰厚而容易陷入自己的陈规旧套。试问除去我们的日常工作,我们的真正生活又有多少?如果你只是对你的日常工作才有兴趣,那你的生趣也就很有限了。至于在其它事物方面,比如诗歌、散文、音乐、美术、体育、无私的友谊、政治与国际事务,等等——你只是死人一个。 Contrariwise, it is true that every time you acquire a new interest--even more, a new accomplishment--you increase your power of life. No one who is deeply interested in a large variety of subjects can remain unhappy; the real pessimist is the person who has lost interest. 但反过来说,每当你获得一种新的兴趣——甚至一项新的造诣——你就增长了你的生活本领。一个能对许许多多事物都深感兴趣的人是不可能总不愉快的,真正的悲观者只能是那些丧失兴趣的人。 Bacon said that a man dies as often as he loses a friend. But we gain new life by contacts, new friends. What is supremely true of living objects is only less true of ideas, which are also alive. Where your thoughts are, there will your live be also. If your thoughts are confined only to your business, only to your physical welfare, only to the narrow circle of the town in which you live, then you live in a narrow cir-conscribed life. But if you are interested in what is going on in China, then you are living in China~ if you’re interested in the characters of a good novel, then you are living with those highly interesting people, if you listen intently to fine music, you are away from your immediate surroundings and living in a world of passion and imagination. 培根曾讲过,一个人失去朋友即是死亡。但是凭着交往,凭着新朋,我们就能获得再生。这条对于活人可谓千真万确的道理在一定程度上也完全适用于人的思想,它们也都是活的。你的思想所在,你的生命便也在那里。如果你的思想不出你的业务范围,不出你的物质利益,不出你所在城镇的狭隘圈子,那么你的一生便也只是多方受着局限的狭隘的一生。但是如果你对当前中国那里所发生的种种感到兴趣,那么你便可说也活在中国;如果你对一本佳妙小说中的人物感到兴趣,你便是活在一批极有趣的人们中间;如果你能全神贯注地听点好的音乐,你就会超脱出你的周围环境而活在一个充满激情与想象的神奇世界之中。 To be or not to be--to live intensely and richly, merely to exist, that depends on ourselves. Let widen and intensify our relations. While we live, let live! 生存还是毁灭——活得热烈活得丰富,还是活得像行尸走肉,这取决于我们自己。但愿我们都能不断扩展和增强各种联系。活着就要精彩。 幸儿手记:在朋友推荐下看了The Shawshank Redemption,Andy Dufresne最后那句"It comes down a simple choice, really. Either get busy living, or get busy dying.",让我回味很久。又想起Fall Out Boy的Get Busy Living Or Get Busy Dying (do Your Part To Save The Scene And Stop Going To Shows),是首歌。确实,人生短短数载,要么疲于奔波,要么累于等死。做一个选择,活着需要精彩。 February 04 04FEB08 The week ahead
以下翻译仅为本人休闲练习英语之用,文章版权归The Economist所有 THE bearded British billionaire, Richard Branson, who has dabbled in the music industry, airlines, trains and more, has said that his Virgin group will bid, on Monday February 4th, for the troubled British mortgage lender, Northern Rock. Mr Branson is optimistic that the bank could yet become “very strong”. The British government—and the taxpayers who have seen £25 billion ($50 billion) go to support the bank after it made reckless loans and was unable to raise funds itself—merely hopes to get the bank on its feet again. 英国人亿万富翁Richard Branson,他的投资涉足音乐,航空,运输等,同时是Virgin group的掌控人,于2月4日星期一证实了其收购身陷困境的英国抵押贷款发放商诺森罗克银行(Northern Rock PLC)的提议。Branson对商诺森罗克银行走出困境充满信心。英国政府和人民,在目睹商诺森罗克银行得到500亿美元赞助后仍然无法自行筹到基金(解决恐慌性挤兑问题)后,只是希望它能早日渡过这个难关。 The electorates in more than 20 states will have their say in America's presidential nominating process on Tuesday February 5th. Super Tuesday is now so big it is considered to be a sort of national primary election, which may seal the nomination for a candidate in either party. The states with the most delegates up for grabs are California, Illinois, New Jersey and New York. Other interesting results will come from states with proportionally large black electorates (Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee) and many conservative voters (ditto, plus Utah). 超过20多个州的选民将在2月5日星期二进行不记名投票。超级星期二发展到现在已经变的在美国总统大选中如此重要,以致于任何一个政党的候选人都有可能借助群众的力量而确定其提名。加州,伊利诺斯,新西兰和纽约的竞争将尤为激烈因为大多数委员会聚集在这些州。当然也许其他州的力量也有可能使大选出现戏剧性的逆转,这些州主要是黑人选民集中州(阿拉巴马州,乔治亚州和田纳西州),还有传统选民的集中州(同上,外加犹他州). BHP Billiton, a huge Anglo-Australian mining company, faces a deadline of Wednesday February 3rd set by British regulators to make a formal offer for Rio Tinto, another mining titan. Rio has so far resisted the all-share offer, valued at $140 billion when BHP first made its approach in November. BHP's plans were thrown into dissarray at the end of last week, however, after Chinalco, an aluminium firm backed by the Chinese government, took a 9% stake in Rio, with some assistance from Alcoa, an American aluminium-maker. Meanwhile Vale, a Brazilian mining giant, is rumoured to be mulling an offer for Xstrata, a smaller Anglo-Swiss miner. Anglo American, another vast mining firm, is said to be eyeing Xstrata too. 由澳洲的英国侨民创办的BHP Billiton矿业公司,面临着2月3日星期三到期的收购Rio Tinto矿业公司的提议。目前Rio公司拒绝了所有了收购提议,在此之前的去年11月,BHP第一次提出议案时报出的收购价是1400亿美元。BHP对Rio的收购案一直波澜不惊,直到上周末,Chinalco(中铝)携Alcoa(美铝)参股Rio矿业公司,也参与到了收购之中。Chinalco的这次收购行为被认为在是中国政府参与支持下进行的。同时有传言说,非洲矿业老大Vale打算低价收购澳洲的瑞士侨民创办的Xstrata,同时看上Xstrata还有矿业巨头Anglo American。 BALKAN watchers expect Kosovo, at last, to declare independence at some time this week. With the presidential election in Serbia out of the way, the leaders of the mostly Albanian breakaway province are expected to make a unilateral declaration that is likely to have the support, at least tacit, of many Western countries. How Serbia reacts, and then its ally Russia, is the big next question. 关注巴尔干半岛问题的人们希望科索沃,至少能在本周宣布其独立。在认为塞尔维亚大选和自己的独立无关的背景下,阿尔巴尼亚人和西方国家似乎有一种心照不宣,那就是确保科索沃的独立会得到西方国家的支持。塞尔维亚将如何应对,以及其同盟俄国的反应,将是下一个问题。 幸儿手记:今天的翻译有些地方的英文需要得到进一步的确认 seal the nomination是否应该翻译为获得提名 black electorates是否应该翻译为黑人选民 中铝搅和BHP和Rio的收购案是我个人非常关注的问题,毕竟如果中铝收购不成功,将给国内钢铁业带来不少负面影响。铁皮在过去的一年里价格疯涨,造成生产成本狂飙,利润下降。第一次意识到政府行为对自己这么平凡老百姓的生活影响如此大。 February 03 03FEB08 A weak breeze of change
以下翻译仅为本人休闲练习英语之用,文章版权归The Economist所有 MUST try a lot harder. That is the message of a UN report on the elimination of discrimination against women in Saudi Arabia, published on Friday February 1st. The authors spent three weeks reviewing restrictions on women’s life in the kingdom, and in seven other countries in the region. Although the picture remains bleak in many places, there is some evidence that the position of Saudi women is getting a little better, just as it is for women in most Arab countries. 2月1日星期五联合国发表的调查报告指出,沙特阿拉伯国家消除妇女歧视的力度需要加强。报告的作者不仅仅花了三个星期在沙特对妇女生活做了调查,还在周边七个国家做了同样的调查。虽然沙特地区妇女的权利地位仍不高,但是有证据显示她们的环境在慢慢转变。 The UN found plenty to condemn in Saudi Arabia. The kingdom has its own understanding of sex equality as women having “similar” (meaning fewer) rights rather than equal rights with men. The practice of male guardianship continues, whereby male relatives are able to decide on many aspects of women’s daily life, from whether they may travel to deciding on whether marriage is permitted. Although tentative steps have been taken towards democracy, with municipal elections implemented, women are unable to vote or to stand for office. The legal situation is particularly grim: laws do not exist, for example, specifically forbidding violence against women. Last year a Saudi court sentenced the victim of a gang rape, who had violated laws on segregation of the sexes, to six months in prison and 200 lashes—King Abdullah eventually pardoned her after tumultuous international criticism. 联合国发现沙特阿拉伯地区妇女权利地位有很多需要谴责的地方。这个国度对于男女平等的理解是基于其自定的,其实妇女的权利远远不如男子。在这些男尊女卑的国家,一个家族的男人们可以决定女人很多日常生活中的大小事务,从是否外出家门到婚嫁。虽然阿拉伯国家在走向男女平等的道路上做出了很多试验性尝试,但是妇女在全民公决中仍然不具有选举权,甚至连站在投选办公室的门口的权利都没有。这些国家在处理妇女问题上还存在法律漏洞,比如没有任何法律可以保护妇女暴力侵犯。去年沙特法院对一宗强奸案的宣判,惩罚那位妇女6个月的监禁和200鞭子。后来迫于国际舆论压力,Abdullah最终免除了对那位妇女的不公正惩罚。 But there are signs that things may be getting a little better for the kingdom’s women. Laws forbidding violence against women are now being drafted. Women are now allowed to stay in hotels unaccompanied. The government has given initial approval for the establishment of the first Saudi women’s rights body. And the first women’s football match was played in the eastern province earlier this month, with men excluded from the stadium entirely. There are even suggestions that an infamous ban on women drivers may be lifted later this year. Such improvements are slight, but welcome. And they reflect marginal improvements elsewhere in the Middle East. 然而沙特妇女的问题还是在向好的方向发展。针对反对妇女暴力的法案正在起草。妇女现在容许独自在酒店停留。政府已经许诺建立第一个维护沙特妇女权益的体系。并且在这个月前期,在东部举行了妇女足球赛,在这个比赛中男子完全不让参与。虽然这些都只是小的改善,但是方向是好的。 In education, especially, women are taking large strides. Over half of Saudi Arabia’s university students are female. In Kuwait and Qatar the share is even higher. Although Arab girls still only receive on average three-quarters of the schooling that boys get, female education is improving fast in Arab countries. 尤其在妇女教育方面,取得了很大进展。现在一半以上的沙特大学是由女性组成。Kuwait和Qatar地区的比例更高。虽然从总体上说沙特妇女平均接受教育水平只有男子的四分之三,但是教育方面是妇女问题得到提高的最快的方面。 Women are now allowed to vote, at least in some sort of poll, in all Arab countries except Saudi Arabia. Quotas for female representatives in parliament have helped to lift their numbers throughout the region. And although still rare, there are a few women in significant ministerial positions in some countries, such as Sheikha Lubna al-Qasimi, the economy minister in the United Arab Emirates. 除了沙特,阿拉伯妇女现在也具有了选举权,至少在某些选举方面。妇女在国会上占有的席位有所提高。虽然这样的妇女很少,但是在还是有部分妇女担当国际重要执政席位,比如阿拉伯联合酋长国经纪大臣Sheikha Lubna al-Qasimi。 What explains these improvements? Pressure from Western governments and from institutions such as the UN probably helps. Local and international women’s groups are also pushing governments to respond, taking advantage of the fact that some rulers are eager to project a more progressive image to the West. The presence of powerful businesswomen—still a rare breed—in some of these groups helps get them heard. 如何解释这些妇女权利地位得到提高的现象?也许是因为来自西方世界和联合国的压力。阿拉伯本地妇女权利保护团体也是一个原因,尤其一些积极的法律亟待实施。于是在这种背景下,商界女强人就产生了。 Businesswomen are often from privileged backgrounds and rise through family businesses. But their emergence reflects a broader trend of growing participation by women in the formal economy over the past 15 years. It is clear why that makes sense. At a conference in Dubai, in December, on the role of Arab women in the economy, a representative from PepsiCo pointed out that developing the role of women “is not just a moral position, it is a smart business proposition.” In a region desperately short of well-educated native talent, tapping the other half of the local population is evidently a smart thing to do. 这些商界女强人多半有强硬的背景或者是出生家族经营。然而她们的出现预示着在正常运行了15年的传统经济体制会向更加宽广的方向发展。在去年12月迪拜举行的会议上,来自阿拉伯妇女团体的代表PepsiCo就说:“阿拉伯妇女所争取的不仅仅只是一个道义上的名分,更是一个英明商业团体”。在一个分离的,缺乏良好教育体制的区域,促使这另一半人口去受更好的教育,确实是一件英明的决策。 February 02 02FEB08 A $45 billion bet
IT IS a potential deal that has been talked about for years, but has suddenly become a real possibility. On Friday February 1st Microsoft, the world’s biggest software company, made a $44.6 billion offer for Yahoo!, an ailing internet giant. The proposed deal, which would transform the software and internet-services industries, values Yahoo! at $31 a share, a 62% premium over the closing price on Thursday. (微软收购雅虎这件事情)在人们讨论这种可能性多年后,突然取得实质性进展从而使其变得极为可能。2月1日星期五,全球最大的软件公司微软,提出要以446亿美元现金收购网络巨头雅虎。这项收购提议,约合雅虎每股31美元,高于其星期四闭市前股价的62%,旨在整合软件和因特网服务产业。 In a letter to the board of Yahoo!, Microsoft’s chief executive, Steve Ballmer, referred to previous discussions between the two companies in 2006 and 2007 about a possible partnership or merger. At the time, Yahoo! was hopeful that Panama, a new system it had developed to place advertisements next to the results of internet searches, would improve its fortunes and help it to catch up with Google, the leader in both internet search and advertising. Panama failed to live up to expectations, however, prompting Yahoo!’s chief executive, Terry Semel, to resign in June 2007. 微软CEO史蒂夫·鲍尔默(Steve Ballmer)在致雅虎董事会的信中,提到了早在2006和2007年期间两家公司就展开过关于可能的合作和合并的讨论。而在这个时候,雅虎则希望其通过研发能实现在网络搜索加入广告业务的Panama新系统,加速其收益增长以追赶Google,(要知道)Google是在网络搜索和广告业务两方面的行业领头。Panama新系统却没有达到预期的目的,相反,却加速了雅虎CEO,Terry Semel的离职。 His place was taken by Jerry Yang, one of Yahoo!’s co-founders, who promised to put things right at the sprawling internet conglomerate. But Yahoo!’s latest results, released on January 30th, were disappointing, and its share price fell to a four-year low. Mr Yang said that the company faced “headwinds”, as Yahoo! announced plans to cut 1,000 jobs, some 7% of its workforce. Microsoft saw its chance. “While a commercial partnership may have made sense at one time, Microsoft believes that the only alternative now is the combination of Microsoft and Yahoo! that we are proposing,” wrote Mr Ballmer. 雅虎前创立人杨致远随后接替了Terry Semel的职位出任CEO,他曾承诺会使混乱的局面得到控制。然而雅虎1月30日发布的最新财务结果确实令人失望的,其股票市值下降到了四年来的最低点。杨致远在这个时候宣布公司面临“逆境”,同时裁员1000人,这相当于其7%的人力资源。微软认为这是一个很好的契机,鲍尔默在信中这样写道“当一个商业伙伴面临困难时,微软相信微软和雅虎的合并是不二之选”。 Google is not mentioned anywhere in Mr Ballmer’s letter, but its increasing clout in the online-advertising market, as a result of its leadership in search, is what has motivated the deal. “Today, the market is increasingly dominated by one player who is consolidating its dominance through acquisition,” he wrote. Combining Yahoo!, the number two in search and advertising, with Microsoft, the number three, would provide a stronger competitor in an industry where scale provides a huge advantage. 鲍尔默的信中并没有提到Google,但是就Google在网络广告业务日益增长的收益,从而坐到网络搜索业的头把交椅,显然也是微软雅虎合并提议的促使原因。鲍尔默在信中提到“现在,(网络搜索)市场正被一个公司统治者,这且这家公司正在其现有优势之下不断将市场份额扩大”。作为占这个行业市场份额第二的雅虎和第三的微软,这样的合并,也许会形成一个更加强大的(足以和Google)抗争的有利形势。 Google currently handles 66% of searches on the internet in America, compared with 21% for Yahoo and a mere 7% for Microsoft (through MSN and its new search engine, live.com). Strikingly, over the past year both Microsoft and Yahoo have seen their share of searches decline while Google's has gained. Google现在在美国网名访问量的66%,于此同时雅虎12%而微软仅有7%(通过MSN和其新开发的搜索平台Live.com)。显而易见的,在过去的一年中微软和雅虎都意识到了其在网络访问量上的人数流失,而与此同时Google则不段增长。 The more people use your search engine, the more advertisers you can attract; and the more advertisers you can attract, the more likely you are to be able to serve up relevant advertisements that people will actually click on. As Mr Ballmer puts it: “While online advertising growth continues, there are significant benefits of scale in advertising platform economics, in capital costs for search index build-out, and in research and development, making this a time of industry consolidation and convergence.” 越多的访问量,意味着可以吸引越多的广告业务;越多的广告业务,意味着人们越有可能通过点击广告来访问网页。就像鲍尔默所说的:“网络广告业务增长的同时,意味着广告业务平台的巨大收益,两家在这些方面的研发和合作,将是一件意义深远的事情”。 Microsoft is desperate to grab a bigger share of the online-advertising market because many of its software products are being challenged by free, advertising-supported services offered by Google. The company is also worried that Google’s dominance in search and advertising allows it to dictate terms to advertisers, and gives it an unfair advantage over its smaller rivals. This is a bit rich coming from Microsoft, a convicted monopolist in operating-system software, which has also been known to squeeze out smaller competitors, but its anger that it has had to endure years of scrutiny by regulators, while Google has been left alone, is genuine. 微软急于在网络广告业务占取更多的市场份额,因为微软的软件产品已经越来越受到免费软件还有来自Google广告业务的挑战。微软同时还担心Google在网络搜索和广告业务的领先业务会使其更容易控制广告商,从而在小竞争上使微软陷入不利地位。这部分业务只是微软来自其垄断的操作系统业务收入的一点点,也就是众所周知的排挤小公司的手段,其实最让微软气愤的是由于之前轻视Google(轻视网络广告业),而导致以后的多年来和Google相竞争只能甘拜下风。 As well as creating a stronger rival to Google, the deal would also have other merits, Microsoft claims. The two companies could combine their research-and-development efforts into search, advertising and other areas; they could save money by consolidating the huge warehouses full of computers, known as “server farms”, that both firms operate; and they would be better placed to compete in new areas such as online video, social networking and online commerce. But it is clear that the real prize is greater clout in search and advertising. 除了合并联手对抗共同的竞争者Google,微软声称这项合并提议还会带来其他好处。两家公司可以共同投入在网络广告和其他领域的研发;两家公司整合其服务器资源,从而减少支出;而且两家公司可以在其他新兴领域如网络视频,办公和电子商务领域合作。但是显然这些领域的真正开支比网络搜索和广告要大的多。 背景:微软收购雅虎将引四大领域协同效应(没有找到这篇文章的原文,估计是作者YY了很多,但是一看还挺有道理的) Whatever Yahoo!’s management makes of the offer, the firm’s shareholders will be delighted at the news. Microsoft shareholders are likely to be less enthusiastic: integrating the two companies would be a mammoth task, and Microsoft has never made an acquisition on anything approaching this scale before. Some sceptics say that this is too much to pay for a troubled company, even if it is, by some measures, the world’s biggest internet firm. Microsoft says it is confident that regulators will approve the deal, which could be completed by the end of the year. 无论雅虎的管理层对于微软的收购提议做出怎样的反映,雅虎的股东们对于这个提议本身都会感到不高兴。微软的股东同样也许不会感到兴奋:这将是一件工程浩大的并购,而且微软之前从来没有处理过牵扯数额这么大的合并案。一些评论家认为即使合并带来的结果是一家全世界网络领域最大的公司,但是代价太大了。微软则表示对这项收购案充满信心,并且期望在年底可以完成收购。 February 01 01FEB08 Malaria and how to beat it以下翻译仅为本人休闲练习英语之用,文章版权归The Economist所有 “FREE goods are worth what you pay for them” is the cynic’s approach to the world, shared by hard-headed poverty-busters. Charging even a nominal price for things such as mosquito nets and condoms makes people take them more seriously, it is argued. Given away free, the nets may end up being used to catch fish rather than protecting sleeping people. “免费的物品是值得人们掏钱的”,这是西尼克人(Cynic,实际意义指犬儒主义) 的处事方式,这种方式同时获得那些致力于消除贫困的头脑冷静的人的赞同。这种名义上收费发放蚊帐和避孕套的做法是值得争议的,争议的焦点集中在这种做法是否会更好的提高人们对疟疾的警惕意识。也许真真正正的免费发放蚊帐和避孕套,才能更好的保护人们,而不是造成有些人用这些买来的蚊帐去撒网捕鱼。 背景:什么叫犬儒主义 That does happen. Even so, a recent study in Kenya suggested providing malarial areas with large numbers of free bed nets brought better results than selling them. Now a new survey carried out by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on behalf of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis, which is to be published on Friday February 1st, has shown that the approach works well in other countries, too. 以上人们用买来的蚊帐去撒网捕鱼的事情是发生了的。在这种情况下,最近在肯尼亚疟疾传染区的调查显示,真正免费发放蚊帐的方法比名义上收费发放蚊帐的方法在抑制疟疾方面要有效的多。最新的联合国卫生组织(以下简称WHO)在其他国家的调查结果也得到了同样的结论,这项调查得到全球抵制艾滋,疟疾和肺结核基金(以下简称全球基金)的赞助,其调查结果将于2月1日星期五发表, Unlike most big do-gooding outfits, the Global Fund is flexible and iconoclastic. It was one of the first international aid organisations to come up with the radical idea of seeing whether its interventions actually work. Since it consists of a small secretariat in Geneva and a few local offices, it lacks the scientific and managerial infrastructure to do this itself. So it subcontracts the job—in this case to Arata Kochi, the head of WHO’s anti-malaria operation. 全球基金在处理抵制这些疾病的方法上,灵活善变且不循传统,这种做法不像其它的大慈善机构。它是第一次试图用这种真正免费发放救助物品来彻底解决困扰人类这三大疾病问题的国际助援组织之一。然而由于全球基金组织只在日内瓦有个小办事处和为数不多的本土办公所,换句话说,它自己本身缺少科学的合理的管理机构,所以全球基金组织委托WHO来协助其工作,就像下面介绍的Arata Kochi的例子一样。 Dr Kochi and his team reviewed antimalaria operations in Ethiopia, Ghana, Rwanda and Zambia, looking mainly at under-fives, who are most threatened by the disease. WHO says that over 1m people die each year of malaria, mostly in Africa. In Ethiopia, the amount of childhood malaria reported at clinics fell by 60% and the death rate halved within two years of the beginning of the mass-distribution programme. In Rwanda, things were even more spectacular: both cases and deaths dropped by two-thirds within a single year. In Zambia the fall in both was around a third. Only in Ghana were the data equivocal. Cases fell by an eighth and deaths by a third, but that was against a background of generally improving health in which the amelioration rates for malaria were worse than those for non-malarial illness and death. In other countries, the rate of malaria tracked the general disease rate until the programmes began, and then fell suddenly (see chart). Kochi医生和他的团队在最受疟疾危害的区域,Ethiopia, Ghana, Rwanda 和Zambia, 展开了抵制疟疾调查。基于他们的调查结果,WHO称每年超过一百万的人死于疟疾,主要集中在非洲。在Ethiopia,由于实行了真正免费发放抵制疟疾物品计划,青少年感染疟疾比例和死亡比例比两年前数据分别下降了60%和减少了50%。在Rwanda,上面所说的两项比例更是在同一年中下降了三分之二。Zambia的这两项比例下降了三分之一。只有在Ghana数据显得难以解释。两项数据分别下降了八分之一和三分之一,但是这却于在整体改善医疗环境的背景下,疟疾主发区的改善度应当不如非疟疾主发区的假设相反(其实这个例子是正话反说,意思即Ghana的数据更是有力的支持了真正免费发放抵制疟疾物品计划)。在其它国家,也是真正免费发放抵制疟疾物品计划执行后,由于疟疾带来的死亡率很快就会下降。 Giving away insecticide-impregnated nets free to anyone visiting a clinic (the nets stay potent for about five years) was not the only new thing about the operations. In all cases, the countries rolled out nationwide campaigns instead of relying on local ones. In many cases, they also gave away drugs based on artemisinin, a substance to which the malarial parasite has yet to develop widespread resistance. 真正免费发放抵制疟疾的蚊帐(这些蚊帐可以安全使用5年)并不是这个全球基金项目的唯一亮点。在所有参与项目的国家,这些蚊帐都是全国性投放的而不是仅仅限于某些地区。在大多数地区和国家,项目组织者根据情况发放药物artemisinin,以抵制疟疾进一步扩散。 Nets and artemisinin are two planks of malaria control. The third is to spray the inside of people’s houses with DDT, to kill female mosquitoes when they settle to digest their blood meals. The objective is to achieve 80% take-up in each village. At that point, the cycle of transmission from mosquito to human to mosquito is broken in a way similar to the action of a vaccine; this stops the spread of the disease, and thus protects everyone. 蚊帐和药物artemisinin是已经介绍的两种措施。第三种措施是在人们的房屋里喷洒DDT,这样可以杀死吸人血为生的母蚊子。这个措施的目标是每一个村庄都要达到80%的药物喷洒覆盖率。这样,疟疾通过蚊子-人-蚊子的传染链就被打断;这样就可以达到掐断疟疾传染,随后达到保护每个人。 Based on the new results, Dr Kochi reckons that a five-year campaign costing about $10 billion would be enough to bring malaria under control in most of Africa, reducing the death rate to a matter of thousands a year. 基于以上的新结果,Kochi医生认为如果五年投入100亿美元来做这件事,非洲的疟疾肆虐问题将得到控制,甚至一劳永逸地解决由疟疾带来的死亡问题。 Eliminating malaria altogether, though, would be a far harder task, involving destroying mosquitoes in the remaining pockets of infection. That is controversial: some—not least Dr Kochi—see it as a dangerous distraction until the easier job of bringing the disease under control is completed. Others want to aim straight away for elimination. In the long run, that should surely be the objective. But, as the old saying has it, the best can often turn out to be the enemy of the good. And the good now looks to be in sight. 然而彻底的解决疟疾将是一件更加棘手的问题,这牵扯到消灭那些残余的带来疟疾传染的蚊子。这是一个受争议话题,不仅仅Kochi医生,其它专业人士也预料到当成功疟疾的传染后,人们面临的是更加危险的工作。同时有些人则认为应当直接把消除所有带来疟疾传染的蚊子作为直接目标。从长远的角度来说,这当然最终目标。但是,就像古训所说,物极必反(暗含的意思是,如果人们破坏了这层生物链,将会有怎么样的事情发生,是难以预料的)。 幸儿手记:1月30日和31日没有做翻译,纯粹因为网络原因。也没有找到备份。今天翻译加了很多自己意译的东西,而不是像以前那样直接翻译。主要感觉英文定妆补结构的后置给文章的翻译带来很大困难,因为当把这些结构按照汉语意思全部前置时,句子就变得修饰成分很长而且难懂。同时英语中成分的省略也给翻译带大困难,有时候翻着翻着连动词的主语都找不到了。我想,这些问题的解决需要通过大量的经验来累积。 |
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